Energy & The Economy with Christopher Marciano: T. Boone Pickens

T. Boone Pickens, famed oilman, has launched a media blitz touting his Pickens Plan (http://www.pickensplan.com/theplan) as the way for the future in energy and a way to break our dependence on foreign oil. So I decided to give it a look. Considering almost no oil is used for electricity production, how will adding wind turbines effect dependence on oil? Pickens envisions that up to 20% of electricity can come from wind. This would offset an equal amount of gas fired generation. Then the natural gas that would have gone into electricity generation could be used to power cars, which offsets demand in oil.

Before we go into the analysis let’s discuss how electric generation operates. People’s usage of electricity changes dramatically over the course of a day and from season to season. From 2am to 2pm, the usage of electricity will increase by about 60-80%. As the day comes and people go to their jobs, the demand for electricity increases. So in order to meet that rise in demand, some power plants that are operating at a lower capacity will be “turned up” and others must be turned on. Of the power plants that must be turned on, only some certain types can start rather quickly….and these are mostly natural gas. The power plants that don’t shut off during the night are your coal and nuclear plants.

The Problems

Pickens wants to take $1.2 trillion and replace natural gas power plants with wind. The wind is fickle and often blows the most at night. Adding wind generation may not displace much gas generation, but the nuclear and coal plants that are operating at night.

The plan would still need to have combustion turbines to back up the wind generation or Americans must change their views about reliability. Texas only considers 8.7% of wind capacity, dependable. That means that if an area has 1000 megawatts (MW) of demand, you would need at least 11,500 MW of wind turbine capacity in order for you be confident your lights turn on when you flick the switch.

Another consideration is, why not nuclear? If you are trying to displace the gas generation that is operating around the clock, why try to displace that with wind, but rather than nuclear? Nuclear is much more dependable, fuel costs are minimal, and the emission are zero.

There are a couple of other temporary problems such as the fact that turbine manufacturers are at capacity and that there is a poor distribution for natural gas for cars. Now if a government is committed to spending over 1 trillion, then manufacturers could add capacity at a price and you would see natural gas stations spring up. One might also be able to tap into the supply at home if you have natural gas heating.

What I liked

He “got the white off the paper.” He also presented his plan with detail and a degree of logic.

T Boone was rather realistic about costs. A 3 MW turbine will cost about $6-7 million. The $1.2 trillion included $200 billion in costs for transmission. When electricity is generated in the middle of nowhere, it must be transmitted to the cities. This can be expensive! He did, however, ignore the cost of backup capacity or the cost escalation that would be seen if demand for turbines skyrocketed.

The idea of displacing gas generation, even if it is not quite as ambitious, isn’t awful. If 10% of gas generation per year could be displaced somehow (combination of wind & nuclear) that could be used to fuel about 10 million cars.

The Gore Plan -

Not to be outdone, Al Gore released a statement saying the US electric generation should be completely Earth-friendly by 2018. He estimated the cost between $1.5 trillion and $3 trillion. That’s about all the information that he gives. So Pickens estimates it costs $1.2 trillion for 20% generation to be by wind, and Gore will do 100% for $3 trillion. Essentially Al Gore is just blowing hot air to get attention.

When is Sex Ok?

Sex... its a taboo subject for some to talk about and for others to engage in... not for me or this blog of course! Do you ever wonder how far is "too far"? Lets look at through the views of science, international affairs, diplomatic blunders and local oddities...

A recent study has shown that fatty foods may be dangerous to sperm production. Previously it was discovered that obesity is know to decrease women's fertility as well. When you put this together, its clear now why the birth rate for us overindulgent westerners is so much lower than the starving people in third world countries (now called "developing nations" thanks to political correctness). Taken another way you could just eat more McDonald's and invest less in condoms!

The International Criminal Court is going after Sudanese President Omar al-Bashir accusing him of Genocide through means of murder, rape and deportation.. making this the first time prosecutors have issued charges against a sitting head of state. The prosecutor said, "The genocide is ongoing... systematic rape is a key element of the campaign." One victim said rape is woven into the fabric of life in Darfur, and they produce a generation of so-called "janjaweed babies" and lead to an explosion of infanticide by victims. In case this wasn't clear... this is when sex is NOT okay.

Meanwhile, a former U.S. diplomat was convicted of having sex, and taping it, with 14-17 year old girls in Congo and Brazil. His defense is that cultural differences led him to believe that sexual contact with teenage girls was acceptable, specifically claiming, "In the Congo, women develop quickly, both physically and emotionally, due to the substantial responsibility society places on them from early childhood. ... In Kinshasa, the vast majority of teenagers are sexually active with men that are substantially older. ... Their main concern is marrying young girls to men with financial stability, a concern dating thousands of years and cutting across cultural lines." I'm waiting for the excuse that they had "Juicy" written across the ass on their shorts.

Three men, carrying shovels, a crowbar and a box of condoms, went to a cemetery...

The Wisconsin state Supreme Court ruled against three men accused of digging up a corpse so one of them could have sex with it... because the corpse was unable to give consent. With this in mind, is it sexual assault if the sex toy does not give consent? While the justice writing the majority opinion said, state law bans sexual intercourse with anyone who does not give consent "whether a victim is dead or alive at the time" the two dissenting justices insisted that lawmakers did not mean to ban necrophilia but to allow assault charges when someone was raped and then killed.

On a totally unrelated side note, other then the sexual innuendo, interesting to note that The Big Easy is the fastest growing city right now...

World Heritage is a Terrible Thing to Waste

Fortunately, for 27 places around the globe, that shouldn’t be an issue as they’ve just been added to UNESCO’s list of World Heritage Sites. Named during the organization’s World Heritage Committee meeting, now taking place in Quebec City, they’re the latest additions to a roster that recognizes places with outstanding natural or cultural value.

The World Heritage List includes 878 properties forming part of the cultural and natural heritage which the World Heritage Committee considers as having outstanding universal value. These include 679 cultural , 174 natural and 25 mixed properties in 145 States Parties. As of November 2007, 185 States Parties have ratified the World Heritage Convention.

Afghanistan

• Minaret and Archaeological Remains of Jam (2002)
• Cultural Landscape and Archaeological Remains of the Bamiyan Valley (2003)

Albania

• Butrint (1992, 1999, 2007)
• Historic Centres of Berat and Gjirokastra (well-preserved southern Albanian towns bearing outstanding testimony to the Ottoman period in the Balkans) (2005, 2008)

Algeria

• Al Qal'a of Beni Hammad (1980)
• Djémila (1982)
• M'Zab Valley (1982)
• Tassili n'Ajjer (1982) ^#
• Timgad (1982)
• Tipasa (1982)
• Kasbah of Algiers (1992)

Andorra

• Madriu-Perafita-Claror Valley (2004, 2006)

Argentina

• Los Glaciares (1981) ^#
• Jesuit Missions of the Guaranis: San Ignacio Mini, Santa Ana, Nuestra Señora de Loreto and Santa Maria Mayor (Argentina), Ruins of Sao Miguel das Missoes (Brazil) (1983, 1984) *
• Iguazu National Park (1984)
• Cueva de las Manos, Río Pinturas (1999)
• Península Valdés (1999)
• Ischigualasto / Talampaya Natural Parks (2000)
• Jesuit Block and Estancias of Córdoba (2000)
• Quebrada de Humahuaca (2003)

Armenia

• Monasteries of Haghpat and Sanahin (1996, 2000)
• Cathedral and Churches of Echmiatsin and the Archaeological Site of Zvartnots (2000)
• Monastery of Geghard and the Upper Azat Valley (2000)

Australia

• Great Barrier Reef (1981)
• Kakadu National Park (1981, 1987, 1992)
• Willandra Lakes Region (1981)
• Lord Howe Island Group (1982)
• Tasmanian Wilderness (1982, 1989)
• Gondwana Rainforests of Australia (1986, 1994) ¹
• Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park (1987, 1994) ²
• Wet Tropics of Queensland (1988)
• Shark Bay, Western Australia (1991)
• Fraser Island (1992)
• Australian Fossil Mammal Sites (Riversleigh / Naracoorte) (1994)
• Heard and McDonald Islands (1997)
• Macquarie Island (1997)
• Greater Blue Mountains Area (2000)
• Purnululu National Park (2003)
• Royal Exhibition Building and Carlton Gardens (2004)
• Sydney Opera House (2007)

Austria

• Historic Centre of the City of Salzburg (1996)
• Palace and Gardens of Schönbrunn (1996)
• Hallstatt-Dachstein / Salzkammergut Cultural Landscape (1997)
• Semmering Railway (1998)
• City of Graz - Historic Centre (1999)
• Wachau Cultural Landscape (2000)
• Fertö / Neusiedlersee Cultural Landscape (2001) *
• Historic Centre of Vienna (2001)

Azerbaijan

• Walled City of Baku with the Shirvanshah's Palace and Maiden Tower (2000)
• Gobustan Rock Art Cultural Landscape (2007)

Bahrain

• Qal’at al-Bahrain – Ancient Harbour and Capital of Dilmun (2005)

Bangladesh

• Historic Mosque City of Bagerhat (1985)
• Ruins of the Buddhist Vihara at Paharpur (1985)
• The Sundarbans (1997)

Belarus

• Belovezhskaya Pushcha / Białowieża Forest (1979, 1992) *
• Mir Castle Complex (2000)
• Architectural, Residential and Cultural Complex of the Radziwill Family at Nesvizh (2005)
• Struve Geodetic Arc (2005) *

Belgium

• Flemish Béguinages (1998)
• La Grand-Place, Brussels (1998)
• The Four Lifts on the Canal du Centre and their Environs, La Louvière and Le Roeulx (Hainault) (1998)
• Belfries of Belgium and France (1999, 2005) * ³
• Historic Centre of Brugge (2000)
• Major Town Houses of the Architect Victor Horta (Brussels) (2000)
• Neolithic Flint Mines at Spiennes (Mons) (2000)
• Notre-Dame Cathedral in Tournai (2000)
• Plantin-Moretus House-Workshops-Museum Complex (2005)

Belize

• Belize Barrier Reef Reserve System (1996)

Benin

• Royal Palaces of Abomey (1985, 2007)

Bolivia

• City of Potosí (1987)
• Jesuit Missions of the Chiquitos (1990)
• Historic City of Sucre (1991)
• Fuerte de Samaipata (1998)
• Noel Kempff Mercado National Park (2000)
• Tiwanaku: Spiritual and Political Centre of the Tiwanaku Culture (2000)

Bosnia and Herzegovina

• Old Bridge Area of the Old City of Mostar (2005)
• Mehmed Paša Sokolović Bridge in Višegrad (2007)

Botswana

• Tsodilo (2001)

Brazil

• Historic Town of Ouro Preto (1980)
• Historic Centre of the Town of Olinda (1982)
• Jesuit Missions of the Guaranis: San Ignacio Mini, Santa Ana, Nuestra Señora de Loreto and Santa Maria Mayor (Argentina), Ruins of Sao Miguel das Missoes (Brazil) (1983, 1984) *
• Historic Centre of Salvador de Bahia (1985)
• Sanctuary of Bom Jesus do Congonhas (1985)
• Iguaçu National Park (1986)
• Brasilia (1987)
• Serra da Capivara National Park (1991)
• Historic Centre of São Luís (1997)
• Atlantic Forest South-East Reserves (1999)
• Discovery Coast Atlantic Forest Reserves (1999)
• Historic Centre of the Town of Diamantina (1999)
• Central Amazon Conservation Complex (2000, 2003) ⁴
• Pantanal Conservation Area (2000)
• Brazilian Atlantic Islands: Fernando de Noronha and Atol das Rocas Reserves (2001)
• Cerrado Protected Areas: Chapada dos Veadeiros and Emas National Parks (2001)
• Historic Centre of the Town of Goiás (2001)

Bulgaria

• Boyana Church (1979)
• Madara Rider (1979)
• Rock-Hewn Churches of Ivanovo (1979)
• Thracian Tomb of Kazanlak (1979)
• Ancient City of Nessebar (1983)
• Pirin National Park (1983)
• Rila Monastery (1983)
• Srebarna Nature Reserve (1983)
• Thracian Tomb of Sveshtari (1985)

Cambodia

• Angkor (1992)
• Temple of Preah Vihear (2008)

Cameroon

• Dja Faunal Reserve (1987)

Canada

• L’Anse aux Meadows National Historic Site (1978)
• Nahanni National Park (1978) ^#
• Dinosaur Provincial Park (1979)
• Kluane / Wrangell-St Elias / Glacier Bay / Tatshenshini-Alsek (1979, 1992, 1994) ^# * ⁵
• Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump (1981)
• SGang Gwaay (1981)
• Wood Buffalo National Park (1983)
• Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks (1984, 1990) ^{# 6}
• Historic District of Old Québec (1985)
• Gros Morne National Park (1987)
• Old Town Lunenburg (1995)
• Waterton Glacier International Peace Park (1995) *
• Miguasha National Park (1999)
• Rideau Canal (2007)
• The Joggins Fossil Cliffs (2008)

Central African Republic

• Manovo-Gounda St Floris National Park (1988)

Chile

• Rapa Nui National Park (1995)
• Churches of Chiloé (2000)
• Historic Quarter of the Seaport City of Valparaíso (2003)
• Humberstone and Santa Laura Saltpeter Works (2005)
• Sewell Mining Town (2006)

China

• Imperial Palaces of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in Beijing and Shenyang (1987, 2004)
• Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor (1987)
• Mogao Caves (1987)
• Mount Taishan (1987)
• Peking Man Site at Zhoukoudian (1987)
• The Great Wall (1987)
• Mount Huangshan (1990)
• Huanglong Scenic and Historic Interest Area (1992)
• Jiuzhaigou Valley Scenic and Historic Interest Area (1992)
• Wulingyuan Scenic and Historic Interest Area (1992)
• Ancient Building Complex in the Wudang Mountains (1994)
• Historic Ensemble of the Potala Palace, Lhasa (1994, 2000, 2001) ⁷
• Mountain Resort and its Outlying Temples, Chengde (1994)
• Temple and Cemetery of Confucius and the Kong Family Mansion in Qufu (1994)
• Lushan National Park (1996)
• Mount Emei Scenic Area, including Leshan Giant Buddha Scenic Area (1996)
• Ancient City of Ping Yao (1997)
• Classical Gardens of Suzhou (1997, 2000)
• Old Town of Lijiang (1997)
• Summer Palace, an Imperial Garden in Beijing (1998)
• Temple of Heaven: an Imperial Sacrificial Altar in Beijing (1998)
• Dazu Rock Carvings (1999)
• Mount Wuyi (1999)
• Ancient Villages in Southern Anhui – Xidi and Hongcun (2000)
• Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties (2000, 2003, 2004)
• Longmen Grottoes (2000)
• Mount Qingcheng and the Dujiangyan Irrigation System (2000)
• Yungang Grottoes (2001)
• Three Parallel Rivers of Yunnan Protected Areas (2003)
• Capital Cities and Tombs of the Ancient Koguryo Kingdom (2004)
• Historic Centre of Macao (2005)
• Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuaries (2006)
• Yin Xu (2006)
• Kaiping Diaolou and Villages (2007)
• South China Karst (2007)
• Fujian Tulou (2008)
• Mount Sanqingshan National Park (2008)

Colombia

• Port, Fortresses and Group of Monuments, Cartagena (1984)
• Los Katíos National Park (1994)
• Historic Centre of Santa Cruz de Mompox (1995)
• National Archeological Park of Tierradentro (1995)
• San Agustín Archeological Park (1995)
• Malpelo Fauna and Flora Sanctuary (2006)

Costa Rica

• Talamanca Range-La Amistad Reserves / La Amistad National Park (1983, 1990) *
• Cocos Island National Park (1997, 2002)
• Area de Conservación Guanacaste (1999, 2004)

Côte d'Ivoire

• Mount Nimba Strict Nature Reserve (1981, 1982) *
• Taï National Park (1982)
• Comoé National Park (1983)

Croatia

• Historical Complex of Split with the Palace of Diocletian (1979)
• Old City of Dubrovnik (1979, 1994)
• Plitvice Lakes National Park (1979, 2000) ^#
• Episcopal Complex of the Euphrasian Basilica in the Historic Centre of Poreč (1997)
• Historic City of Trogir (1997)
• The Cathedral of St James in Šibenik (2000)
• Stari Grad Plain (2008)

Cuba

• Old Havana and its Fortifications (1982)
• Trinidad and the Valley de los Ingenios (1988)
• San Pedro de la Roca Castle, Santiago de Cuba (1997)
• Desembarco del Granma National Park (1999)
• Viñales Valley (1999)
• Archaeological Landscape of the First Coffee Plantations in the South-East of Cuba (2000)
• Alejandro de Humboldt National Park (2001)
• Urban Historic Centre of Cienfuegos (2005)
• Historic Centre of Camagüey (2008)

Cyprus

• Paphos (1980)
• Painted Churches in the Troodos Region (1985, 2001)
• Choirokoitia (1998)

Czech Republic

• Historic Centre of Český Krumlov (1992)
• Historic Centre of Prague (1992)
• Historic Centre of Telč (1992)
• Pilgrimage Church of St John of Nepomuk at Zelená Hora (1994)
• Kutná Hora: Historical Town Centre with the Church of St Barbara and the Cathedral of Our Lady at Sedlec (1995)
• Lednice-Valtice Cultural Landscape (1996)
• Gardens and Castle at Kroměříž (1998)
• Holašovice Historical Village Reservation (1998)
• Litomyšl Castle (1999)
• Holy Trinity Column in Olomouc (2000)
• Tugendhat Villa in Brno (2001)
• Jewish Quarter and St Procopius' Basilica in Třebíč (2003)

Democratic Republic of the Congo

• Virunga National Park (1979) ^#
• Kahuzi-Biega National Park (1980)
• Garamba National Park (1980)
• Salonga National Park (1984)
• Okapi Wildlife Reserve (1996)

Denmark

• Jelling Mounds, Runic Stones and Church (1994)
• Roskilde Cathedral (1995)
• Kronborg Castle (2000)
• Ilulissat Icefjord (2004)

Dominica

• Morne Trois Pitons National Park (1997)

Dominican Republic

• Colonial City of Santo Domingo (1990)

Ecuador

• Galápagos Islands (1978, 2001)
• City of Quito (1978)
• Sangay National Park (1983) ^#
• Historic Centre of Santa Ana de los Ríos de Cuenca (1999)

Egypt

• Abu Mena (1979)
• Ancient Thebes with its Necropolis (1979)
• Historic Cairo (1979)
• Memphis and its Necropolis – the Pyramid Fields from Giza to Dahshur (1979)
• Nubian Monuments from Abu Simbel to Philae (1979)
• Saint Catherine Area (2002)
• Wadi Al-Hitan (Whale Valley) (2005)

El Salvador

• Joya de Cerén Archaeological Site (1993)

Estonia

• Historic Centre (Old Town) of Tallinn (1997)
• Struve Geodetic Arc (2005) *

Ethiopia

• Simien National Park (1978)
• Rock-Hewn Churches, Lalibela (1978)
• Fasil Ghebbi, Gondar Region (1979)
• Aksum (1980)
• Lower Valley of the Awash (1980)
• Lower Valley of the Omo (1980)
• Tiya (1980)
• Harar Jugol, the Fortified Historic Town (2006)

Finland

• Fortress of Suomenlinna (1991)
• Old Rauma (1991)
• Petäjävesi Old Church (1994)
• Verla Groundwood and Board Mill (1996)
• Bronze Age Burial Site of Sammallahdenmäki (1999)
• Kvarken Archipelago / High Coast (2000, 2006) *
• Struve Geodetic Arc (2005) *

France

• Chartres Cathedral (1979)
• Mont-Saint-Michel and its Bay (1979, 2007)
• Palace and Park of Versailles (1979, 2007)
• Prehistoric Sites and Decorated Caves of the Vézère Valley (1979)
• Vézelay, Church and Hill (1979, 2007)
• Amiens Cathedral (1981)
• Arles, Roman and Romanesque Monuments (1981)
• Cistercian Abbey of Fontenay (1981, 2007)
• Palace and Park of Fontainebleau (1981)
• Roman Theatre and its Surroundings and the "Triumphal Arch" of Orange (1981, 2007)
• Royal Saltworks of Arc-et-Senans (1982)
• Abbey Church of Saint-Savin sur Gartempe (1983, 2007)
• Gulf of Porto: Calanche of Piana, Gulf of Girolata, Scandola Reserve (1983) ^#
• Place Stanislas, Place de la Carrière and Place d'Alliance in Nancy (1983)
• Pont du Gard (Roman Aqueduct) (1985, 2007)
• Strasbourg – Grande île (1988)
• Cathedral of Notre-Dame, Former Abbey of Saint-Remi and Palace of Tau, Reims (1991)
• Paris, Banks of the Seine (1991)
• Bourges Cathedral (1992)
• Historic Centre of Avignon: Papal Palace, Episcopal Ensemble and Avignon Bridge (1995)
• Canal du Midi (1996)
• Historic Fortified City of Carcassonne (1997)
• Pyrénées - Mont Perdu (1997, 1999) *
• Historic Site of Lyons (1998)
• Routes of Santiago de Compostela in France (1998)
• Belfries of Belgium and France (1999, 2005) * ⁸
• Jurisdiction of Saint-Emilion (1999)
• The Loire Valley between Sully-sur-Loire and Chalonnes (2000) ⁹
• Provins, Town of Medieval Fairs (2001)
• Le Havre, the City Rebuilt by Auguste Perret (2005)
• Bordeaux, Port of the Moon (2007)
• Fortifications of Vauban (2008)
• Lagoons of New Caledonia: Reef Diversity and Associated Ecosystems (2008)

Gabon

• Ecosystem and Relict Cultural Landscape of Lopé-Okanda (2007)

Gambia

• James Island and Related Sites (2003)
• Stone Circles of Senegambia (2006) *

Georgia

• Bagrati Cathedral and Gelati Monastery (1994)
• Historical Monuments of Mtskheta (1994)
• Upper Svaneti (1996)

Germany

• Aachen Cathedral (1978)
• Speyer Cathedral (1981)
• Würzburg Residence with the Court Gardens and Residence Square (1981)
• Pilgrimage Church of Wies (1983)
• Castles of Augustusburg and Falkenlust at Brühl (1984)
• St Mary's Cathedral and St Michael's Church at Hildesheim (1985)
• Roman Monuments, Cathedral of St Peter and Church of Our Lady in Trier (1986)
• Hanseatic City of Lübeck (1987)
• Palaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin (1990, 1992, 1999)
• Abbey and Altenmünster of Lorsch (1991)
• Mines of Rammelsberg and Historic Town of Goslar (1992)
• Maulbronn Monastery Complex (1993)
• Town of Bamberg (1993)
• Collegiate Church, Castle, and Old Town of Quedlinburg (1994)
• Völklingen Ironworks (1994)
• Messel Pit Fossil Site (1995)
• Bauhaus and its Sites in Weimar and Dessau (1996)
• Cologne Cathedral (1996)
• Luther Memorials in Eisleben and Wittenberg (1996)
• Classical Weimar (1998)
• Museumsinsel (Museum Island), Berlin (1999)
• Wartburg Castle (1999)
• Garden Kingdom of Dessau-Wörlitz (2000)
• Monastic Island of Reichenau (2000)
• Zollverein Coal Mine Industrial Complex in Essen (2001)
• Historic Centres of Stralsund and Wismar (2002)
• Upper Middle Rhine Valley (2002)
• Dresden Elbe Valley (2004)
• Muskauer Park / Park Muzakowski (2004) *
• Town Hall and Roland on the Marketplace of Bremen (2004)
• Old town of Regensburg with Stadtamhof (2006)
• Berlin Modernism Housing Estates (2008)

Ghana

• Forts and Castles, Volta, Greater Accra, Central and Western Regions (1979)
• Asante Traditional Buildings (1980)

Greece

• Temple of Apollo Epicurius at Bassae (1986)
• Acropolis, Athens (1987)
• Archaeological Site of Delphi (1987)
• Medieval City of Rhodes (1988)
• Meteora (1988)
• Mount Athos (1988)
• Paleochristian and Byzantine Monuments of Thessalonika (1988)
• Sanctuary of Asklepios at Epidaurus (1988)
• Archaeological Site of Mystras (1989)
• Archaeological Site of Olympia (1989)
• Delos (1990)
• Monasteries of Daphni, Hosios Loukas and Nea Moni of Chios (1990)
• Pythagoreion and Heraion of Samos (1992)
• Archaeological Site of Aigai (modern name Vergina) (1996)
• Archaeological Sites of Mycenae and Tiryns (1999)
• Historic Centre (Chorá) with the Monastery of Saint John "the Theologian" and the Cave of the Apocalypse on the Island of Pátmos (1999)
• Old Town of Corfu (2007)

Guatemala

• Antigua Guatemala (1979)
• Tikal National Park (1979)
• Archaeological Park and Ruins of Quirigua (1981)

Guinea

• Mount Nimba Strict Nature Reserve (1981, 1982) *

Haiti

• National History Park – Citadel, Sans Souci, Ramiers (1982)

Holy See

• Historic Centre of Rome, the Properties of the Holy See in that City Enjoying Extraterritorial Rights and San Paolo Fuori le Mura (1980, 1990) * ¹⁰
• Vatican City (1984)

Honduras

• Maya Site of Copan (1980)
• Río Plátano Biosphere Reserve (1982)

Hungary

• Budapest, including the Banks of the Danube, the Buda Castle Quarter and Andrássy Avenue (1987, 2002)
• Old Village of Hollókö and its Surroundings (1987)
• Caves of Aggtelek Karst and Slovak Karst (1995, 2000) *
• Millenary Benedictine Abbey of Pannonhalma and its Natural Environment (1996)
• Hortobágy National Park - the Puszta (1999)
• Early Christian Necropolis of Pécs (Sopianae) (2000)
• Fertö / Neusiedlersee Cultural Landscape (2001) *
• Tokaj Wine Region Historic Cultural Landscape (2002)

Iceland

• Þingvellir National Park (2004)
• Surtsey (2008)

India

• Agra Fort (1983)
• Ajanta Caves (1983)
• Ellora Caves (1983)
• Taj Mahal (1983)
• Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram (1984)
• Sun Temple, Konârak (1984)
• Manas Wildlife Sanctuary (1985)
• Kaziranga National Park (1985)
• Keoladeo National Park (1985)
• Churches and Convents of Goa (1986)
• Fatehpur Sikri (1986)
• Group of Monuments at Hampi (1986)
• Khajuraho Group of Monuments (1986)
• Elephanta Caves (1987)
• Great Living Chola Temples (1987, 2004) ¹¹
• Group of Monuments at Pattadakal (1987)
• Sundarbans National Park (1987)
• Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Parks (1988, 2005)
• Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi (1989)
• Humayun's Tomb, Delhi (1993)
• Qutb Minar and its Monuments, Delhi (1993)
• Mountain Railways of India (1999, 2005,2008)
• Mahabodhi Temple Complex at Bodh Gaya (2002)
• Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka (2003)
• Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park (2004)
• Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (formerly Victoria Terminus) (2004)
• Red Fort Complex (2007)

Indonesia

• Borobudur Temple Compounds (1991)
• Komodo National Park (1991)
• Prambanan Temple Compounds (1991)
• Ujung Kulon National Park (1991)
• Sangiran Early Man Site (1996)
• Lorentz National Park (1999)
• Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra (2004)

Iran (Islamic Republic of)

• Meidan Emam, Esfahan (1979)
• Persepolis (1979)
• Tchogha Zanbil (1979)
• Takht-e Soleyman (2003)
• Bam and its Cultural Landscape (2004, 2007)
• Pasargadae (2004)
• Soltaniyeh (2005)
• Bisotun (2006)
• The Armenian Monastic Ensembles in Iran (2008)

Iraq

• Hatra (1985)
• Ashur (Qal'at Sherqat) (2003)
• Samarra Archaeological City (2007)

Ireland

• Archaeological Ensemble of the Bend of the Boyne (1993)
• Skellig Michael (1996)

Israel

• Masada (2001)
• Old City of Acre (2001)
• White City of Tel-Aviv -- the Modern Movement (2003)
• Biblical Tels - Megiddo, Hazor, Beer Sheba (2005)
• Incense Route - Desert Cities in the Negev (2005)
• Bahá’i Holy Places in Haifa and the Western Galilee (2008)

Italy

• Rock Drawings in Valcamonica (1979)
• Church and Dominican Convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie with "The Last Supper" by Leonardo da Vinci (1980)
• Historic Centre of Rome, the Properties of the Holy See in that City Enjoying Extraterritorial Rights and San Paolo Fuori le Mura (1980, 1990) * ¹²
• Historic Centre of Florence (1982)
• Piazza del Duomo, Pisa (1987, 2007)
• Venice and its Lagoon (1987)
• Historic Centre of San Gimignano (1990)
• The Sassi and the Park of the Rupestrian Churches of Matera (1993)
• City of Vicenza and the Palladian Villas of the Veneto (1994, 1996)
• Crespi d'Adda (1995)
• Ferrara, City of the Renaissance, and its Po Delta (1995, 1999) ¹³
• Historic Centre of Naples (1995)
• Historic Centre of Siena (1995)
• Castel del Monte (1996)
• Early Christian Monuments of Ravenna (1996)
• Historic Centre of the City of Pienza (1996)
• The Trulli of Alberobello (1996)
• 18th-Century Royal Palace at Caserta with the Park, the Aqueduct of Vanvitelli, and the San Leucio Complex (1997)
• Archaeological Area of Agrigento (1997)
• Archaeological Areas of Pompei, Herculaneum and Torre Annunziata (1997)
• Botanical Garden (Orto Botanico), Padua (1997)
• Cathedral, Torre Civica and Piazza Grande, Modena (1997)
• Costiera Amalfitana (1997)
• Portovenere, Cinque Terre, and the Islands (Palmaria, Tino and Tinetto) (1997)
• Residences of the Royal House of Savoy (1997)
• Su Nuraxi di Barumini (1997)
• Villa Romana del Casale (1997)
• Archaeological Area and the Patriarchal Basilica of Aquileia (1998)
• Cilento and Vallo di Diano National Park with the Archeological sites of Paestum and Velia, and the Certosa di Padula (1998)
• Historic Centre of Urbino (1998)
• Villa Adriana (Tivoli) (1999)
• Assisi, the Basilica of San Francesco and Other Franciscan Sites (2000)
• City of Verona (2000)
• Isole Eolie (Aeolian Islands) (2000)
• Villa d'Este, Tivoli (2001)
• Late Baroque Towns of the Val di Noto (South-Eastern Sicily) (2002)
• Sacri Monti of Piedmont and Lombardy (2003)
• Etruscan Necropolises of Cerveteri and Tarquinia (2004)
• Val d'Orcia (2004)
• Syracuse and the Rocky Necropolis of Pantalica (2005)
• Genoa: Le Strade Nuove and the system of the Palazzi dei Rolli (2006)
• Mantua and Sabbioneta (2008)
• Rhaetian Railway in the Albula / Bernina Landscapes (2008) *

Japan

• Buddhist Monuments in the Horyu-ji Area (1993)
• Himeji-jo (1993)
• Shirakami-Sanchi (1993)
• Yakushima (1993)
• Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto (Kyoto, Uji and Otsu Cities) (1994)
• Historic Villages of Shirakawa-go and Gokayama (1995)
• Hiroshima Peace Memorial (Genbaku Dome) (1996)
• Itsukushima Shinto Shrine (1996)
• Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara (1998)
• Shrines and Temples of Nikko (1999)
• Gusuku Sites and Related Properties of the Kingdom of Ryukyu (2000)
• Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in the Kii Mountain Range (2004)
• Shiretoko (2005)
• Iwami Ginzan Silver Mine and its Cultural Landscape (2007)

Jerusalem (Site proposed by Jordan)

• Old City of Jerusalem and its Walls (1981)

Jordan

• Petra (1985)
• Quseir Amra (1985)
• Um er-Rasas (Kastrom Mefa'a) (2004)

Kazakhstan

• Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi (2003)
• Petroglyphs within the Archaeological Landscape of Tamgaly (2004)
• Saryarka – Steppe and Lakes of Northern Kazakhstan (2008)

Kenya

• Lake Turkana National Parks (1997, 2001)